Cholesterolosis is a common affection of the biliary system, characterized by the accumulation and deposition of cholesterol inside the gall bladder and in its mucosal membranes. Cholesterolosis usually occurs due to chemical imbalances at the level of the biliary system and the disorder is rarely associated with high serum cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis. Cholesterolosis generally occurs on the premises of inappropriate activity of the gall bladder and changes in the composition of bile, facilitating the deposition of cholesterol inside the gall bladder and biliary ducts. In the absence of an appropriate treatment, cholesterolosis can lead to serious complications, including gall bladder cancer.Similar to cholesterolosis, adenomyomatosis is a disorder that can also lead to malignant cellular activity at the level of the gall bladder. Unlike most forms of cholesterolosis, adenomyomatosis is characterized by thickening of the gall bladder mucosal walls. In order to distinguish between the two disorders, doctors commonly inspect the integrity and the general aspect of the gall bladder walls before deciding upon the final diagnosis. Speed is vital in diagnosing and treating gall bladder disorders such as cholesterolosis and adenomyomatosis, as both these affections can lead to malignancies. Prompt medical intervention can easily make the difference between complete recovery and partial recovery that exposes patients to a high risk of malignant disease.