Dear nic: Yours is a complex question with several sub-questions. With your permission I would like to take each individually, OK?
1. Given your age a breast ultrasound is as reasonable as a mammogram in trying to screen for a mass. You are "on the cusp," as it were, where mammograms can be most effective. In scheduling you for both, as per your concern, your GYN is being very thorough. Radiation from a modern mammogram has been considered similar to flying cross country in a jet. Here is a link to the National Cancer Institutes for their take on radiation:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/mammograms No one wants unnecessary radiation, yet when a patient says "I never felt this before," no MD wants to end up in court with a missed diagnosis of breast cancer malpractice suit.
2. An ultrasound is best at discerning solid from cystic masses. A mammogram is good at detecting calcification. Both together give a more complete description of an area.
3. When doing a best exam, if one deeply examines from the nipple out to the border of the aerola, one can often feel an area of clearing where ductal tissue can be readily palpated. This is different from the rest of the breast where fatty, dense tissue can mask underlying structures.
4. As you likely know, not having a period (including PCOS) usually means missed ovulations and thus more estrogen effects, and less progesterone. There are studies which suggest that benign, fibrocystic breasts are more comon in PCOS. Here is a recent citation on this from the National Library of Medicine site:
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009 Aug;280(2):249-53. .
Polycystic ovary syndrome and fibrocystic breast disease: is there any association?
Gumus II, Koktener A, Dogan D, Turhan NO.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fatih University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. ilknurinegol@yahoo.com
OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to investigate the association between a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and fibrocystic breast disease.
METHODS:
A total of 93 women, aged between 17 and 36 years, not using oral contraceptives, were entered in this case-control study. Laboratory, clinical and ultrasound findings were used to diagnose PCOS. The study group was consisted of 53 PCOS women and the control group consisted of 40 women. Breast ultrasonography was performed for all patients. Fibrocystic breast disease is described as common benign changes involving the tissues of the breast.
RESULTS:
Twenty-one (39.6%) of 53 women with a PCOS had fibrocystic breast disease. Five (8%) of 40 controls had fibrocystic breast disease. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Relative risk (95% CIs) was 3.17 (1.31-7.68). Overall sonographic benign breast pathologies were significantly higher in the PCOS group (p = 0.036).
CONCLUSION:
This study showed a statistically significant association between a PCOS and fibrocystic breast disease. Women with a PCOS should be evaluated for fibrocystic breast disease.
Yours,
Jane