Actually, osteoarthritis is the most common type of neck area arthritis. I have arthritis of several areas which were work related injuries incurred as an RN in a hospital setting. Note: there are more types of arthritis than rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
You should be aware that the amount of damage on x-rays, and the amount of pain felt have no correlation at all. For osteoarthritis, usually there is a precipitating trauma, which may not be remembered by the time the pain sets in in your neck. Arthritis is not present immediately after a trauma. You may notice bad function of the area post trauma, especially with the neck in certain positions, or under a load of extra weight such as carrying things.
In the neck, there are ligaments that hold the spinal column in alignment with each other. There are also supporting muscles. If either of these are injured (tears or over stretching), the body on its own will start compensating using other areas to stabilize the damaged area, which can lead to spasmed muscles (frequently on the opposite side of what is damaged), which is also painful. The cushioning discs can become distorted and improperly positioned due to the spasmed muscles, so that instead of being centered between the vertebra, they now protrude, and can cause pressure on the nerves that exit the spinal column. They can also protrude backwards and compress the spinal cord. Each of these pains are distinct in how they feel.
Additionally, the spasmed muscles can distort the spinal column such that the facet joints or articulating surfaces between joints now are in closer proximity and occasionally rub. When this has occurred to the point that the cartilage has been worn off (repeated rubbing), then bone rubs against bone (grating noise), and the body will reinforce the facets (bone projection posterior and to the side of the vertebra body) that are damaged with more calcium, etc. which forms the bony spurs of arthritis. These sharp spurs can cause direct pain, or damage the nerves like a knife rubbing against soft tissue. The facets when they increase with bony deposits, narrow the area where nerves exit the spinal column, which over time can impinge on nerve functioning and increase pain.
Radiation pain of irritated nerves can result in abnormal sensations of pain that may radiate down your arms, or up to your skull or possibly your upper back. These generally follow a dermatomal pattern which can help identify which vertebra is causing the problem. Google for images, dermatome and review the map. Consider following up with an orthopedic doctor if you have not already. Frequently, the treatment for osteoarthritis is NSAIDs (Aleeve, Motrin and stronger), anti spasmodic medications (Flexeril, Soma), and narcotics when the pain becomes more than these other medications can help with. Physical therapy to keep muscles as active and strong as possible may slow the progression.