First, let me say thank you for serving our country!!
Second, whatever you do, do not use the patches. I can not believe they would start you off with Fetanyl patches. Didn't they start you off with regular strength Vicodin at least? Even then, from my own experience with almost the exact same problems you're having, try not going down that path. Over ten years ago I was given regular strength Vicodin and have worked right on up to HIGH, HIGH doses of Oxycontin and Oxy IR (all legal, of course, through pain management). You build up a tolerance and the doses have to be increased over time. My tolerance to narcotics now is that of a horse. I kid you not.....
I have L5-S1 Radiculopathy with most, but not all, of the same symptoms you're experiencing. I was a bodybuilder prior to a car accident when I was 29 where I was at a dead stop on the freeway and the person behind me didn't notice all 4 lanes had stopped, and she hit me at 70 mph. From that point on it was all downhill with doctor after doctor, going to pain mgmt, having injections, and even doing Bi-Lateral RF Lesioning which basically is done under fluoroscopy where the doctor 'burns' the nerve ending going to the pain area. It can work wonders for some people. It helped me for only one week....I also had a spinal cord stimulator put in that never did work for the pain. It was removed last year so I could have an MRI since it wasn't working anyhow. (If you get a spinal cord stimulator, or anything like that, you can NOT have MRI's and then you're stuck having CT Myelogram. NOT FUN AND VERY PAINFUL. They do not sedate for it, either.)
All I can suggest is to try to get a good pain mgmt doctor, do NOT use the Fetanyl patches if you don't have to (because they're highly addictive and you'll end up down the same path as I have) and ask about another updated MRI, especially now that you're having some more problems.
The type of pain you're describing, at least some of it, sounds like nerve impingement at the L5-S1, yes. Ask about a prescription for Neurontin (generic is gabapentin and is inexpensive). At least it's non-narcotic and will help for nerve pain/damage. There's also anti-inflammatories. If you have to use a narcotic pain reliever, start low with a low dose of Vicodin. There's a newer nerve pain medication out called Lyrica, too.........
Of course all of this is suggestion only from my own experience. Always follow your doctors orders but at the same time, don't be afraid to speak up and ask about other treatments, medications, etc.. Mainly, try to get to pain mgmt. Pain mgmt may start from the very beginning and take time but at least they can get to what is the cause of your pain (most of the time but not all the time) etc.. For me, though, MRI's show NOTHING. I'm now 48, have been on disability for 10 yrs and haven't been able to work since the accident. There's been another accident, 2010, where I got t-boned. I live off of pain medication now. I would just hate to see anyone have to go down the pain medication 'road' I have. There is always the possibility that you will have no answers and have to learn to live with the pain as I have. I hope this does not happen with you. You may have a herniating disc that needs surgery and that may help 100%. You just never know....
Thank you, again, for serving our country and I wish the best for you. I wish the medical care our veterans get would improve. Right now it just plain stinks.......Keep me posted, ok?